{"id":99,"date":"2017-11-04T18:24:47","date_gmt":"2017-11-04T17:24:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/terapialevice.sk\/?p=99"},"modified":"2024-01-04T07:01:35","modified_gmt":"2024-01-04T06:01:35","slug":"hypochondria","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/terapialevice.sk\/?p=99","title":{"rendered":"Hypochondria"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hypochondria<\/h1>\n

Ku mne sa pacient ozna\u010den\u00fd za hypochondra dost\u00e1va oby\u010dajne po kalv\u00e1rii ktor\u00fa prekon\u00e1 putuj\u00fac od ambulancie jedn\u00e9ho odborn\u00edka ku ambulancii \u010fal\u0161ieho. Oby\u010dajne je anemick\u00fd1<\/sup><\/a> od mno\u017estva krvi, ktor\u00fa z neho vypumpovali, je brut\u00e1lne defokizovan\u00fd2<\/sup><\/a>, absorboval megad\u00e1vky rtg \u017eiarenia z CT pr\u00edstrojov, je prek\u0155men\u00fd antibiotikami a vitam\u00ednmi a hlavne m\u00e1 ove\u013ea ten\u0161iu pe\u0148a\u017eenku. V prostred\u00ed kde sa st\u00e1va zdravie tovarom, s\u00fa tak\u00edto pacienti ve\u013emi v\u00edtan\u00fdm zdrojom pr\u00edjmov poskytovate\u013eom zdravotn\u00edckej starostlivosti a pohromou pre pois\u0165ovne.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u010co to teda t\u00e1 hypochondria je?<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ako hypoc<\/i>ho<\/i>ndrion<\/i> sa ozna\u010duje v medic\u00edne oblas\u0165 brucha pod rebrov\u00fdmi chrupav\u010dit\u00fdmi obl\u00fakmi. Hypo= pod, chondros=chrupavka. V staroveku sa pojmom hypochondriasis ozna\u010dovali bolesti v tejto oblasti a verilo sa, \u017ee to sp\u00f4sobuje ochorenie sleziny. V 19. storo\u010d\u00ed bola hypochondria mu\u017eskou variantou \u017eenskej hyst\u00e9rie a predstavovala samostatn\u00fa medic\u00ednsku jednotku.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Dnes je tento pojem vyhraden\u00fd pre neopodstatnen\u00e9 podozrenie, my\u0161lienku, alebo a\u017e <\/b>myln\u00e9 <\/b>presved\u010denie o tom, \u017ee postihnut\u00fd trp\u00ed v\u00e1\u017enym ochoren\u00edm.<\/b> Hypochondria m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 r\u00f4zne stupne – m\u00f4\u017ee za\u010d\u00edna\u0165 neistotou o telesnom zdrav\u00ed postihnut\u00e9ho jedinca, ktor\u00e1 sa zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161a d\u00e1 uspokoji\u0165 vy\u0161etren\u00edm, vyl\u00fa\u010den\u00edm telesnej choroby a vysvetlen\u00edm. \u010eal\u0161\u00edm stup\u0148om je prece\u0148ovanie v\u00fdznamu ban\u00e1lneho pr\u00edznaku, neur\u010dit\u00e9 znepokojuj\u00face podozrenie o chorobe, \u00fazkostn\u00e9 obavy o zdravie , ktor\u00e9 sa nedaj\u00fa uspokoji\u0165 negat\u00edvnym vy\u0161etren\u00edm a vysvetlen\u00edm. \u0164a\u017e\u0161\u00edm orie\u0161kom b\u00fdvaj\u00fa nutkav\u00e9 obavy, ktor\u00fdch nepravdivos\u0165 postihnut\u00fd jedinec s\u00edce vn\u00edma ale nem\u00f4\u017ee sa ich zbavi\u0165. Nu\u017e a nakoniec sa stret\u00e1vame s nevyvr\u00e1tite\u013en\u00fdm presved\u010den\u00edm o pr\u00edtomnosti konkr\u00e9tnej telesnej choroby, ktor\u00e9 nesie tak\u00fd citov\u00fd n\u00e1boj, \u017ee napln\u00ed cel\u00fa osobnos\u0165 \u010dloveka a determinuje cel\u00e9 jeho konanie. Hovor\u00edme o hypochondrickom blude. <\/b>Tu m\u00f4\u017eeme vidie\u0165 dve podoby: prvou je t\u00e1, \u017ee neopodstatnen\u00e9 podozrenie, my\u0161lienka alebo presved\u010denie m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 hypoteticky re\u00e1lne, teda mo\u017en\u00e9, ako napr. rakovina, AIDS, tuberkul\u00f3za, k\u00fdm u niektor\u00fdch psychick\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed \u010di por\u00fach sa vyskytuj\u00fa \u00faplne bizarn\u00e9 a zjavne nemo\u017en\u00e9 \u201echoroby\u201c ak\u00fdmi s\u00fa napr. skamenen\u00e9 \u010drev\u00e1, zastavenie krvi, zastavenie srdca a pod. Tento posledn\u00fd stupe\u0148 b\u00fdva pr\u00edznakom in\u00fdch – \u010dasto v\u00e1\u017enej\u0161\u00edch ochoren\u00ed, ak\u00fdmi s\u00fa \u0165a\u017ek\u00e1 depresia alebo schizofr\u00e9nne ochorenie. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Prv\u00e9 \u010do mus\u00edm rozhodn\u00fa\u0165, ke\u010f ma tak\u00fdto \u010dlovek vyh\u013ead\u00e1 je to, \u010di hypochondria je pr\u00edznakom nejakej inej choroby, poruchy alebo stavu, alebo sa jedn\u00e1 o relat\u00edvne vz\u00e1cny pr\u00edpad hypochondrickej poruchy v r\u00e1mci somatoformnej poruchy.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

K\u00fdm na za\u010diatku minul\u00e9ho storo\u010dia sa hypochondria vy\u010dle\u0148ovala ako zvl\u00e1\u0161tna chorobn\u00e1 jednotka a h\u013eadali sa pre \u0148u r\u00f4zne psychologick\u00e9 vysvetlenia, dnes je zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161a ch\u00e1pan\u00e1 ako pr\u00edznak. Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie b\u00fdva pr\u00edznakom u r\u00f4znych typov depresie. Po\u010dn\u00fac \u013eahk\u00fdmi stup\u0148ami, kon\u010diac depres\u00edvnym hypochondrick\u00fdm bludom. Bizarn\u00e9 hypochondrick\u00e9 bludy sa ob\u010das zvykn\u00fa vyskytova\u0165 aj pri ochoreniach schizofr\u00e9nneho okruhu. Tie\u017e m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 hypochondrick\u00fd pr\u00edznak zakomponovan\u00fd do \u00fazkostn\u00e9ho r\u00e1mca ako tzv. health anxiety disorder, \u010di do\u00a0 obsedantne-kompulz\u00edvneho (nutkav\u00e9ho) okruhu psychick\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed. \u013dudia trpiaci panickou poruchou m\u00f4\u017eu – najm\u00e4 ak nie s\u00fa spr\u00e1vne lie\u010den\u00ed – by\u0165 druhotne hypochondrizovan\u00ed. Zriedkavej\u0161ie m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 hypochondria prejavom somatoformnej poruchy a ve\u013emi zriedka v podobe tzv. monosymptomatickej hypochondrickej psych\u00f3zy v r\u00e1mci bludovej poruchy.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Je v\u0161ak i opa\u010dn\u00e1 str\u00e1nka veci. \u010clovek trp\u00ed nejak\u00fdmi pr\u00edznakmi, boles\u0165ami, t\u0155pnut\u00edm, poruchami tr\u00e1venia, poruchami rovnov\u00e1hy vegetat\u00edvnou dysbalanciou, poruchami sp\u00e1nku a pod. a lek\u00e1ri \u201evyl\u00fa\u010dia\u201c somatick\u00fa chorobu preto, lebo laborat\u00f3rny skr\u00edning nevykazuje \u017eiadne odch\u00fdlky od normy, rtg. vy\u0161etrenia, endoskopick\u00e9 vy\u0161etrenia, s\u00fa v poriadku, EKG a EEG s\u00fa bez patologick\u00e9h\u00e9 n\u00e1lezu. Vyhl\u00e1sia teda \u010dloveka za hypochondra. To \u017ee \u010dlovek trp\u00ed funk\u010dn\u00fdmi poruchami zdravia (roz\u0161telovan\u00edm), ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e1 medic\u00edna nevie riadne pomenova\u0165, definova\u0165, diagnostikova\u0165 a lie\u010di\u0165, e\u0161te neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee tie poruchy nem\u00e1. \u0160v\u00e9dski v\u00fdskumn\u00edci publikovali \u0161tatistiku, kde preuk\u00e1zali \u017ee „hypochondri“ maj\u00fa o 84% vy\u0161\u0161iiu pravdepodobnos\u0165 \u017ee zomr\u00fa ako kontrol\u00e1 skupina nehypochondrov.\u00a0 Tak\u00fdto \u010dlovek sa potom \u013eahko hypochondrom iatrog\u00e9nne stane, lebo \u201edoktori mi ni\u010d nena\u0161li, tvrdia \u017ee som zdrav\u00fd, ale ja som predsa chor\u00fd. Vypl\u00fdva z toho, \u017ee doktorom nemo\u017eno veri\u0165.\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ako sa hypochondria lie\u010di?<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Najprv teda treba vyl\u00fa\u010di\u0165 telesn\u00e9 ochorenie, funk\u010dn\u00fa poruchu a potom, pokia\u013e je hypochondria pr\u00edznakom inej du\u0161evnej poruchy \u010di choroby, lie\u010di sa t\u00e1to (depresia, schizofr\u00e9nia, \u00fazkostn\u00e1 porucha, obsedantne-kompulz\u00edvna porucha, bludov\u00e1 porucha a pod.). Pokia\u013e ide o hypochondrick\u00fa poruchu, ako samostatn\u00fa jednotku v r\u00e1mci somatoformnej poruchy, je lie\u010dba \u0165a\u017ek\u00e1, ale mo\u017en\u00e1. M\u00e1 jednu ve\u013emi \u0165a\u017eko prekonate\u013en\u00fa bari\u00e9ru. Pacient s hypochondrickou poruchou obvykle odmieta psychiatrick\u00fa intervenciu, lebo pod\u013ea jeho presved\u010denia potrebuje poriadnu diagnostiku a lie\u010dbu svojho tela a nie psychiatra, lebo predsa nie je bl\u00e1zon. Ak sa zmieri s psychiatrom, je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd spr\u00e1vny psychoteraputick\u00fd pr\u00edstup a psychoterapia. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Z psychoterapeutick\u00fdch met\u00f3d najlep\u0161ie funguj\u00fa podporn\u00e1 (racion\u00e1lna) psychoterapia, logoterapia a kognit\u00edvne behavior\u00e1lna psychoterapia. Farmak\u00e1 u\u013eah\u010dia tak\u00e9muto pacientovi \u017eivot hlavne zn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm hladiny \u00fazkosti. Ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 je \u017eivotospr\u00e1va a telesn\u00e9 posil\u0148ovanie, lebo tak\u00fdto chor\u00fd \u010dlovek sa oby\u010dajne telesne \u0161etr\u00ed a dodr\u017eiava \u010dasto bizarn\u00e9 di\u00e9ty, \u010do sam\u00e9 o sebe oslabuje organizmus a vedie sekund\u00e1rne k telesn\u00fdm chorob\u00e1m, ktor\u00e9 nemusia by\u0165 iba d\u00f4sledkom nedostato\u010dnej fyzickej aktivity, ale aj nedostato\u010dnej diagnostiky a lie\u010dby zdanlivej choroby. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nezanedbate\u013en\u00e1 s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 lie\u010dby, je spr\u00e1vna diagnostika a lie\u010dba funk\u010dn\u00fdch por\u00fach, v \u010dom n\u00e1m pom\u00e1haj\u00fa komplement\u00e1rne medic\u00ednske discipl\u00edny ako napr. akupunkt\u00fara.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

V drvivej v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine pr\u00edpadov u\u013eah\u010dia osud tak\u00e9hoto \u010dloveka antidepres\u00edva, ktor\u00e9 zn\u00ed\u017eia hladinu \u00fazkosti a \u010dlovek sa t\u00fdm zbav\u00ed prek\u00e1\u017eky racion\u00e1lneho uva\u017eovania.-<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

1<\/a>chudokrvn\u00fd<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

2<\/a>fokus – lo\u017eisko, defokiz\u00e1cia – odstra\u0148ovanie mo\u017en\u00fdch lo\u017e\u00edsk chronickej infekcie aj s ich nosite\u013emi – vytrhnutie chor\u00e9ho zuba, vybratie chronicky chor\u00fdch madl\u00ed, slep\u00e9ho \u010dreva a pod.<\/p>\n

3\/David Mataix-Cols, PhD, of the Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, led the study, which was\u00a0published online<\/a>\u00a0on December 13, 2023 in\u00a0JAMA Psychiatry<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hypochondria Ku mne sa pacient ozna\u010den\u00fd za hypochondra dost\u00e1va oby\u010dajne po kalv\u00e1rii ktor\u00fa prekon\u00e1 putuj\u00fac od ambulancie jedn\u00e9ho odborn\u00edka ku ambulancii \u010fal\u0161ieho. Oby\u010dajne je anemick\u00fd1 od mno\u017estva krvi, ktor\u00fa z neho vypumpovali, je brut\u00e1lne defokizovan\u00fd2, absorboval megad\u00e1vky rtg \u017eiarenia z CT pr\u00edstrojov, je prek\u0155men\u00fd antibiotikami a vitam\u00ednmi a hlavne m\u00e1 ove\u013ea ten\u0161iu pe\u0148a\u017eenku. V prostred\u00ed… Read More Hypochondria<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/terapialevice.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/99"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/terapialevice.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/terapialevice.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/terapialevice.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/terapialevice.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=99"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/terapialevice.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/99\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":228,"href":"http:\/\/terapialevice.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/99\/revisions\/228"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/terapialevice.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=99"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/terapialevice.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=99"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/terapialevice.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=99"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}